CORPORATE TAX AVOIDANCE: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH AGENDA

Tax avoidance can range from reduction of the corporate tax burden by legitimate use of tax rules to violation of tax laws. In this paper, we endeavor to synthesize the major findings of tax avoidance research from the accounting and finance literatures over the past ten years. We consider theoretical developments and the related empirical findings about the interconnected issues of measuring tax avoidance, and the possible causes and outcomes of corporate tax avoidance. We present some ideas for further research to examine underexplored topics regarding tax avoidance.     

THE IMPACT OF THE EU EMISSIONS TRADING SYSTEM ON COMPETITIVENESS AND CARBON LEAKAGE: THE ECONOMETRIC EVIDENCE

This paper carefully surveys the econometric literature that tests for competitiveness effects and related carbon leakage caused by the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). The results of this literature tell us that to date there is no evidence of the EU ETS having had widespread negative or positive effects on the competitiveness of regulated firms, nor is there evidence of significant carbon leakage. However, the paper also identifies three important caveats to this general conclusion. Firstly, the evidence we have still largely refers to the first two trading periods, namely Phases I (2005–2007) and II (2008–2012). Secondly, some heterogeneity of estimated effects is observed, but patterns, notably sectoral patterns, hardly emerge. Thirdly, very little explored is whether the EU ETS has had long-term effects on the economy via investment leakage or firm dynamics. Further empirical studies investigating these long-term effects are particularly desirable.     

人工智能背景下会计人才教育模式改革研究

在人工智能高速发展的时代,会计人工智能应运而生。会计人工智能以其高效、精确、低成本的特点迅速取代基础会计工作人员的工作。在此背景下,国内会计人才教育该何去何从,文章将从会计教育模式现状入手,结合人工智能对会计的影响,以会计教育侧重点、会计人才的职业道德建设等方面为切入点,探讨会计人才教育模式改革。     

提高党对全面深化改革的领导能力

改革开放以来,我党对于改革的认识持续深化,改革经验日益丰富,逐渐熟悉并把握了改革方略,奠定了继续领导和驾驭改革全局的理论基础。习总书记多次强调党“必然要依靠学习走向未来”。在党的领导能力内涵上,习总书记的讲话涉及三大实践能力和五大思维能力,即“思想政治能力、动员组织能力、驾驭复杂矛盾能力”以及战略思维、历史思维、辩证思维、创新思维与底线思维。这些重要精神和论述,值得进一步学习和研究。     

内蒙古黄河干流跨盟市水权试点研究

为了全面总结内蒙古自治区水权试点工作,介绍了内蒙古黄河干流跨盟市水权试点过程中强化行业监管方面的一些做法,总结了试点过程中坚持问题导向、坚持两手发力、强化节水管理、创新体制机制的一些重要经验。     

混合所有制改革是否有助于缓解人力资本配置扭曲

将人力资本在所有制企业间的配置扭曲（错配）理解为技术配置扭曲和规模配置扭曲两个方面，基于1998—2013年中国工业企业数据库的相关数据，探讨国有企业混合所有制改革影响人力资本配置扭曲的内生机理，结果表明：混合所有制改革鼓励非国有资本通过参股、控股和并购等方式参与到国有企业的生产决策中，这有助于完善国有企业的公司治理结构和利润分配机制，进一步缓解人力资本的技术配置扭曲和规模配置扭曲程度；相对于非行政垄断行业，行政垄断行业中国有企业混合所有制改革对于人力资本配置扭曲的缓解作用较小。     

高校中级财务会计课程教学改革探讨

中级财务会计是会计学专业的一门主干课程,起着承上启下的重要作用,但在教学过程中还存在许多问题,如重理论轻实践、考核体系单一、教学环节缺乏思政元素等。论文针对这些问题,尝试提出改革教学方式、深化校企合作、多元化考核、强化会计人员职业操守等建议,旨在进一步提升教学质量,突出学生的主人翁地位。     

浅析中职学校心理健康课程的改革实践

已有数百年历史的国家其发展计划是基于教育的,而教育的基础是人,所有的教育必须以人为本。对人而言,最重要的是一个人的身心健康,学生除了应该在学校考虑身体健康,更重要的是应认真考虑其心理健康。学校的心理健康教育不仅可以帮助学生学习得更好,还可以教会学生如何控制自己的情绪,如何学习以及如何与他人建立关系。论文对中职学校心理健康课程的改革实践进行了分析。     

Government size,composition of public spending and economic growth in Brazil

The performance of the fiscal policy is largely affected by the relationship between government size, composition of public spending and economic growth. We use a theoretical framework to find optimal relations among these variables and confront them with a panel data for the Brazilian states. Private capital and government spending are substitute inputs in production as the Brazilian states require provision of public spending to fill gaps in the underdeveloped private sector. Public investment and current government expenditures are combined in fixed ratios in the overall government spending due to strong rigidity of the public budget. The optimal share of public investment is considerably lower than current expenditures, as occurs in developing countries characterized by low economic dynamism. Finally, the average tax burden from the data is below the estimated optimal level, meaning that there is space for increasing tax rate without harming economic growth for some Brazilian states.     

Moving markets? Government bond investors and microeconomic policy changes

Do sovereign bond markets react systematically to microeconomic policy reforms? Some observers suggest that investors are very attentive to supply‐side policies such as those related to labor markets, corporate taxation, and product standards. They argue that, along with macroeconomic outcomes and broad financial market conditions, such reforms affect sovereign bond premiums, for developed as well as emerging economies. In contrast, we predict few systematic effects of supply‐side policy reforms on sovereign bond market outcomes. Our theory draws on a standard three‐equation model of the economy, widely accepted among economic and finance professionals. That model makes few clear predictions regarding the anticipated effects of microeconomic policy changes; as a result, we expect that such reforms will not generate systematic market reactions. Our analyses, based on daily data from 37 countries from 2004 to 2012, indeed reveal little evidence of a systematic bond market reaction to the 47 most significant reforms to corporate taxation and labor market regulation. These results call into question the notion that “bond market vigilantes” play a central role in compelling governments to enact specific microeconomic policy changes.